People dealing with large data sets often find themselves using one of the many standard distribution functions to explain their data. Some of the more commonly used distributions are binomial, Gaussian and Poisson. Interestingly the latter two can be derived from the binomial distribution in that the Poisson distribution is a limit of the binomial distribution and the Gaussian is a limit of the Poisson. The derivations below (conveniently lifted from the web) elaborate.
Source:
http://www.roe.ac.uk/japwww/teaching/astrostats/astrostats2012_part2.pdf
http://www.physik.uzh.ch/~psaha/pda/
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